ABSTRACT
China began to implement marine economic development pilot policies from 2011 in order to promote land and marine development in a coordinated way, transform and optimize marine industrial layout, formulate and improve the policy and institutional construction of ocean development, promote marine economic power strategy, and improve the level of regional economic resilience in coastal area. Tourism industry is an important part of regional economy of coastal areas. Taking the marine economic development pilot policies as a quasi-natural experiment and based on the panel data of cities in coastal areas of China from 2007 to 2020, a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model was used to assess the impact of these pilot policies on regional economic resilience and tourism economic resilience. The results show that the implementation of marine economic development pilot policies can significantly promote regional economic resilience and tourism economic resilience. COVID-19, as a moderating variable, has significantly weakened the effect of marine economic development pilot policies on regional economic resilience. In terms of regional heterogeneity, the establishment of marine economic development pilots has a more significant policy effect on regional economic resilience in the central and southern coastal areas, while the policy effect on tourism economic resilience is more significant in the eastern coastal areas. In view of these findings, it is of great significance for cities to prevent systemic risks and improve regional economic resilience, by means of reasonably expanding marine economic development pilots and planning coastal regional economic systems according to local conditions. © 2023, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The world has experienced several great crises that have had a significant economic impact. The global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected economies and production chains, harming millions of businesses and entrepreneurs. Economic resilience, an ability to adapt to change and responsiveness to exogenous shocks, is a scientific strategy in the business and economy sectors to analyze and deal with these crises. Undoubtedly, entrepreneurship is one of the important factors influencing the economy as a striking pillar of economic resilience. This study tries to identify factors for enhancing economic resilience that will help countries to be more viable when encountering exogenous or indigenous crises. In this study, the impact of some entrepreneurship indicators, which have been created by applying the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) dataset, on the economic resilience index has been examined. Then, based on regression analysis, it was shown that some entrepreneurial indicators, such as the rate of total early-stage entrepreneurial activities (TEA), the rate of established business ownership (EB), the rate of entrepreneurship intention, and the rate of entrepreneurial innovation, can be useful in estimating and scrutinizing the global resilience index. Following this indirect method, the optimal range of some entrepreneurial indicators for achieving the maximum amount of economic resilience was determined. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 causes great impact on the economic development of all countries and even the whole world. Under the background of major public emergencies, a timely dynamic evaluation of regional economic resilience can provide an objective basis for economic regulation and control behavior. Based on the existing evaluation model, an improved dynamic evaluation model of grey incidence projection- fuzzy matter element is proposed in this study. The improved model is a universal evaluation model that can be used in different contexts. This model method can, not only limited to analyzing economic resilience, but also be applied to other different contexts. The evaluation indexes are selected (from the market, industry, investment, foreign trade and finance) to construct an evaluation index system of regional economic resilience under major public emergencies. The improved dynamic evaluation model of grey incidence projection- fuzzy matter element is applied to evaluate economic resilience of Hubei province (with its neighboring areas) in context of COVID-19. At the same time, the relative validity of the model is tested based on the empirical evaluation results.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 has impacted the social economy of various provinces in China to varying degrees. How to quickly restore the social economy has become the most concerned issue of the Party, the country and all sectors of society. This paper combines the entropy weight method and TOPSIS method-technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution, taking the financial policy transmission mechanism as the theoretical basis, and selects the data of 29 provinces in China to obtain the contribution of finance in the socio-economic resilience under the pandemic situation. The empirical analysis results show that the weights of financial policy, pandemic situation and financial basis are different. It can be clearly seen from the weight data that the financial basis is crucial to the socio-economic resilience. Although the COVID-19 pandemic will cause huge losses to the whole society and will also seriously hinder the socio-economic recovery, the effective implementation of financial policies and the good trend of the pandemic situation have a significant promoting effect on the socio-economic recovery. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
ABSTRACT
Under the development pattern of the "double cycle”, optimizing urban economic resilience is tremendously meaningful to improving a city's affordability and the adaptability of the economy and to promoting the Chinese economy to develop with high quality. Based on Baidu migration big data perspective, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and multi-scale geographical weighted regression (MGWR) model were used to analyze the spatial characteristics and driving factors of economic resilience in 287 Chinese cities in 2019. The results show that (1) the number of low-level economically resilient cities is the largest and distributed continuously, while the number of high-level economically resilient cities is the lowest and distributed in clusters and blocks;(2) compared with the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta, the population accumulation characteristic of the Beijing- Tianjin-Hebei region is relatively slow;(3) Both net inflow of population after spring festival and daily flow scale are significantly correlated with urban economic resilience, and the former will affect urban economic resilience;and (4) the spatial heterogeneity of each factor driving is significant, and they have different impact scales. The impact intensity is as follows: net population inflow > innovation ability > public financial expenditure > financial efficiency > urban size.
ABSTRACT
Under the dual pressure of "slow-burn" challenges and acute shocks, increasing economic resilience is gaining attention around the world to ensure the security and stability of economic activities. With the goal of achieving sustainable development, the China is exploring an innovative, coordinated, green, open, shared and secure development path for the regional economy. Using panel data for 241 cities at the prefecture level and above in China from 2010 to 2019, this research considers urban agglomeration planning as a quasi-natural experiment of regional integration and use a difference-in-differences method to explore the effect of regional integration on economic resilience. The results show the following. 1) Regional integration does improve economic resilience after various robustness tests. 2) The policy effect of regional integration on economic resilience varies by time, region, and urban structure. 3) Urban size structure and industrial structure are important ways in which regional integration affects economic resilience. Our findings enrich the theoretical study of the relationship between regional integration and economic resilience and provide a new path to improve regional economic resilience and achieve sustainable development.
ABSTRACT
The structures of industrial linkages form an essential basis for the economy and have an important impact on urban economic resilience. By analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on China's urban economy in 2020, this study uses China's national input-output table to measure the centrality and diversity of industrial linkage structures. Extracted data from 298 cities in China are used to explore the impact of centrality and diversity on urban economic resilience. The results show that the cities in East China, Central China, and the Chengdu-Chongqing area in western China have a high centrality with respect to industrial linkage structures. Cities in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River city cluster, and the Chengdu-Chongqing city cluster have a high diversity of industrial linkages structures. During the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic, most cities in China have shown high economic resilience. For cities across the country, diversity shows a significant and positive correlation with economic resilience, and centrality shows a significant and positive correlation with economic resilience. The latter displays an inverted U-shaped relationship between centrality and economic resilience. For cities with different population sizes, there are differences in the impacts of centrality and diversity on urban economic resilience. Different industrial policies can be developed to adjust the centrality and diversity of the cities to enhance urban economic resilience.
ABSTRACT
PurposeThis study aims to examine how participation in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) affects province-level regional economic resilience. In the context of dual circulation - the new development paradigm proposed by the Chinese Government - participating in the BRI is an important means of connecting both international and domestic circulations and achieving high economic resilience. The complex causal relationship between participation in the BRI and province-level regional economic resilience is investigated. Design/methodology/approachBased on the complex system view, this study uses fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to examine the impact on regional economic resilience when provinces participate in the BRI through unimpeded trade, infrastructure connectivity, financial integration and people-to-people bonds under the two conditions of attention allocation and buffering capacity. Qualitative textual analysis is applied to analyse provincial work reports, and relevant statistical data are used to measure the economic resilience from 2013 to 2020. FindingsThe authors identified three condition configurations that lead to a high regional economic resilience at province-level and one condition configuration that lead to no high-level regional economic resilience. Research limitations/implicationsIn-depth analyses of qualitative materials should be conducted to explain the systematic relationships among the conditions. Originality/valueThis research is of practical significance to the development of the theoretical framework and practices of the BRI in the context of dual circulation.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Faster than expected, the COVID-19 disease changed people's lives on an unprecedented scale. The present research aimed to shed light on the economic challenges of the pandemic and the efforts made concerning economic resilience. Thus, this study delved into the experience of families residing in a suburban town. Methods: The present study was qualitative in type. It used a qualitative content analysis with a guided approach conducted through 17 in-depth semi-structured individual interviews with subjects over 15 years of age living in Tawheed Gonabad town. These subjects had lived in the area for at least three years. The interviews were held and audio-recorded in a purposive sampling method after gaining informed consent from the participants in the spring of 2021. In order to estimate the validity of the data, Lincoln and Goba's criteria were used. Results: The economic resilience of families during the pandemic was marked by three main categories and nine sub-categories. The categories were: 1) changes to the economic dimension of the family (the sub-categories: employment, income, consumption and socioeconomic status), 2) solutions to the economic changes of the family (sub-categories: reliance on internal resources, family and receiving support from outside of the family), and 3) the effectiveness of economic resilience of families at higher levels (sub-categories: macroeconomics, family social capital and regional resilience). As more detailed results showed, the pandemic has caused a decrease in the income and consumption of essential items in quantity and quality and imposed excessive costs on the target community. The dominant solution to economic problems has been changing consumer's behavior and income diversification. The lack of supportive plans, poor social networks and the identity of the neighborhood are the significant barriers to the increase of economic resilience. Conclusion: The families investigated in the present study were vulnerable in many ways and had low economic resilience. In order to improve the families' level of economic resilience, it is necessary to know the context and carry out interventions and support plans based on the families' internal and external capacities, including the neighborhood's empowering conditions. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
ABSTRACT
The industry diversity thesis of economic resilience to economic shocks is embedded in community development policy across Australia. The idea being that in the event of an economic shock some industries will prove more recession-proof than others. The greater the industry diversity, the greater the likelihood of off-setting industry effects, resulting in greater economic resilience. The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated restrictions created a unique natural experiment to explore whether the industry diversity thesis holds true under the conditions of a global health pandemic. In this policy paper, we use JobKeeper applications as a proxy for decreased economic resilience. We explore if Australian local government areas (LGAs) with higher industry diversity had less necessity for JobKeeper. We also briefly consider if concentrations of certain industries acted as a better economic buffer to the COVID-19 economic shock. We observe that as diversity increases, economic resilience strengthens except for Victoria (where the association is inverted). This observation has important implications for current and future policy formation and implementation across all layers of government. © 2023 The Authors. Economic Papers;A journal of applied economics and policy published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of The Economic Society of Australia.
ABSTRACT
Since its dawn, the COVID-19 pandemic has posed new challenges in the Arab world, and across the world that have adversely inflicted unforeseen types of damage upon the traditional notion of globalization. This has, inherently, resulted in the initiation of several new pathways for research and innovation by local government agencies in various Arab nations. Spillovers from government and industry-specific research and investment to combat COVID-19 may yet prove to be beneficial to several of the sectors involved. In view of such opportunities and growing demand, research and innovation systems in the Arab world may need to rethink and reorient research priorities to align them with imminent needs. Furthermore, the Arab world is facing daunting challenges in research and innovation due to the deep scarcity in the human capital and material resources needed to shore up economic prosperity. It is therefore imperative that Arab countries start to recognize and appreciate all genuine efforts tallied by researchers in the ways of advancing the wellbeing of the communities, and along the way help the underlying economies move in progressive pursuits. To help the various sectors of the economy go about the various activities suggested in this chapter, one can readily surmise that an all-out effort would require some concerted activities involving the concerned government agencies, participating academic institutions, first-tier researchers, various components of the industrial sector, together with funding agencies that would take up much of the expenses involved in the process of research and innovation so as to keep pace with the rest of the knowledge-based societies around the world. Indeed, this would necessitate that the various sectors (medical and health, agricultural, industrial, information and communications technology, and the educational sectors) leverage existing infrastructures and embark upon new capital investments that are ready to shoulder the responsibility of effectively moving the Arab world into the post-COVID era rapidly and successfully. To do that, we must be able to identify sectors and institutions that can be potential partakers in the various activities of the processes involved. This would readily lead us to identify a few national organizations, which would offer access to their infrastructures to researchers and the various participating industries involved. Furthermore, the process must occur in piecemeal fashion, starting with the vital segments of the economy and transcending gradually to other segments, while observing health-directed practices in all phases, until the economic lifecycle would kick into a normal setting. The effects of the pandemic on these sectors and industries, as well as natural market forces and regulations are discussed in this chapter. These effects must be identified for policymakers to be guided toward more evidence-based planning to address the challenges that are inherently associated with them. This chapter also addresses ways and efforts of helping the various sectors go about the recommended research priorities in preparation for an era of reconstruction to build resilient national economies that are readily amenable for pan Arab integration in the post COVID-19. We finally recommend avenues and policies whereby the Arab world could levy some of the great benefits that have accrued because of the COVID-induced drawbacks in restricting global trade and economic integration. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
ABSTRACT
Global macroeconomic development is faced with great uncertainty, especially the repeated impact of COVID-19, which exacerbate the challenges. This study explores the impact of Internet development on the resilience of cities. In the first place, a theoretical model is used to analyse how Internet development affects productivity and further influences urban economic resilience. Based on this, a long-differences model is established for empirical analysis. The study found that improving Internet development is an important step enhancing urban economic resilience. The results provide new perspectives and evidence for the study of urban economic resilience. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 pandemic had an unequal impact across businesses and communities and rapidly accelerated digital trends in the economy. What role, then, did website use play in community resilience and small business outcomes? This article examines a new source of population data on domain name hosts to provide a unique measure of digital economic activity within communities. Seventy-five percent are commercial, including online-only, brick-and-mortar, small, and microbusinesses. With geolocated data on 20 million US domain name hosts, we investigate how their density (per 100 people) affected economic outcomes in the nation's largest metros during the pandemic. Using monthly time series data for the 50 largest metropolitan areas, the domain host data is merged with the US Census Small Business Pulse Surveys and Chetty et al.'s Opportunity Insights data. Results indicate metros with higher concentrations of businesses with an online presence experienced more positive economic perceptions and outcomes from April to December 2020. This high-frequency, granular data on digital economic activity suggests that digitally enabled small and microbusinesses played an important role in local economic resilience and demonstrates how commercial data can be used to generate new insights in a fast-changing environment.Plain English SummaryNew data show websites were a resource for small business and community resilience in Covid-19. While some studies have shown how digital technologies helped businesses during the pandemic, little research has examined how website use during this time affected communities and their small businesses. Data on the number of domain name hosts (per 100 people) provides a measure of the prevalence of website use in a community. Seventy-five percent of these domain name sites are commercial, primarily small, and microbusinesses. We examine economic outcomes for the 50 largest metros from April to December 2020, including credit and debit card spending, small business revenues and openings, and the perceptions of small business owners. With monthly data and across multiple measures, we find that this digital economic activity positively affected the resilience of communities and small businesses. These findings suggest that policies for an inclusive and effective recovery should consider support for digital skills and effective website use for small and microbusinesses.
ABSTRACT
Summary During the COVID-19 unexpected pandemic crisis, to minimalize socio-economic damages within the Member States, the European Commission has taken several steps to increase the flexibility of the support framework and include more diversified forms of aid and extended time-frames for granting them. Implementing urgent measures, in particular for the sectors that are mostly affected by the economic shock and unpredicted limitations pushed them to increase their resilience to be more stable for emergencies. In order to ensure the EU internal market is not fragmented and the level of playing field stays intact, as well as to avoid harmful subsidy races to the detriment of cohesion within the Union, the use of State Aid proved its necessity in various diversified forms of aid. The article discusses State Aid in the context of the global pandemic and tries to find out raised questions. © 2022 Turan Jafarli, published by Sciendo.
ABSTRACT
The development of globalization has brought about obvious differences in the resilience of different regions against economic crises. Regional economic resilience refers to the ability of a region's economy to resist shocks when faced with external disturbances or to break away from its existing growth model in favor of a better path, Resilience represents the region's adaptability, innovation, and sustainability. This paper describes an empirical analysis on the 60 designated industrial park developments under the Industrial Development Bureau in Taiwan. Over a period of short-term disturbances, the industrial parks are analyzed from four aspects: industrial structure, regional development foundation, enterprise competitiveness and labor conditions, and government governance and policy systems. Through discriminant analysis, we analyze the characteristics of factors that mainly affect the economic resilience of 60 industrial parks faced with shocks such as the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, the five-day work week in 2016, and the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019. We found that industrial structure, specifically diversified industrial structure, is the major factor behind enhanced regional economic resilience. If the scale of specialized industries is large enough, they can form sufficient capacity to resist external changes and also be economically resilient. Under the negative impact, the amount of innovation can be an important part of post-disaster recovery, and stable innovation input will become a main factor for the sustainable development of industrial parks. The pressure of the uncertainty of global economic development and the transformation and upgrading of the domestic economy underscore that enterprises urgently need automation and digital transformation to enhance their competitiveness. In order to enhance economic resilience to adapt to changes in the overall environment, the industrial parks need to adjust adaptively, improve their industrial structure, and promote innovation, hoping that the regional economy will move towards a more stable and sustainable development path. © 2023 by the authors.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to analyse the contribution of infaq funds to the social and economic resilience of the community during the COVID-19 pandemic in West Papua, Indonesia. This study uses a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative studies. Qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions with administrators, Dai [Islamic preacher] and mosque congregations to obtain information about the form and mechanism for disbursing infaq funds. Furthermore, the state of distribution of infaq funds is confirmed to the recipient community with an online survey as quantitative data. The data obtained were tabulated and analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics using multiple linear regression assisted by SPSS software 25 version. The research findings show that: firstly, the form of the social-economic contribution of infaq funds is carried out by: (1) financial assistance, (2) social assistance, and (3) health assistance. Secondly, infaq, an instrument of Islamic economics, can contribute to tackling the social and economic impacts of the community amid the COVID-19 outbreak. Thirdly, of the three forms of assistance provided, the health assistance aspect contributed 38.320%, the financial assistance aspect amounted to 37.173% and 24.339% to social assistance. This study shows that the community most needed health and financial assistance from infaq funds during the COVID-19 pandemic. Contribution: This study complements the existing literature and provides a new scientific treasure. That the infaq fund, as a philanthropy, turned out to be able to contribute to realising the social-economic resilience of the community during a disease outbreak. The form of health, financial and social assistance from infaq funds is a priority in accelerating the community's economic recovery. It can be a countermeasure to socio-economic impacts during disasters and disease outbreaks.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Faster than expected, the COVID-19 disease changed people's lives on an unprecedented scale. The present research aimed to shed light on the economic challenges of the pandemic and the efforts made concerning economic resilience. Thus, this study delved into the experience of families residing in a suburban town. Method(s): The present study was qualitative in type. It used a qualitative content analysis with a guided approach conducted through 17 in-depth semi-structured individual interviews with subjects over 15 years of age living in Tawheed Gonabad town. These subjects had lived in the area for at least three years. The interviews were held and audio-recorded in a purposive sampling method after gaining informed consent from the participants in the spring of 2021. In order to estimate the validity of the data, Lincoln and Goba's criteria were used. Result(s): The economic resilience of families during the pandemic was marked by three main categories and nine sub-categories. The categories were: 1) changes to the economic dimension of the family (the sub-categories: employment, income, consumption and socioeconomic status), 2) solutions to the economic changes of the family (sub-categories: reliance on internal resources, family and receiving support from outside of the family), and 3) the effectiveness of economic resilience of families at higher levels (sub-categories: macroeconomics, family social capital and regional resilience). As more detailed results showed, the pandemic has caused a decrease in the income and consumption of essential items in quantity and quality and imposed excessive costs on the target community. The dominant solution to economic problems has been changing consumer's behavior and income diversification. The lack of supportive plans, poor social networks and the identity of the neighborhood are the significant barriers to the increase of economic resilience. Conclusion(s): The families investigated in the present study were vulnerable in many ways and had low economic resilience. In order to improve the families' level of economic resilience, it is necessary to know the context and carry out interventions and support plans based on the families' internal and external capacities, including the neighborhood's empowering conditions.Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic represented a tremendous shock for both public and private sectors and put pressure on the economic environment alongside national healthcare systems. Our article examined the economic resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in the EU Member States and assessed if countries with more intense use of digitalization instruments (e-government features, e-commerce, ITC skills, etc.) in both public and private sectors registered a lower economic decline during 2019–2020. Our approach was based firstly on statistical correlation analysis applied to several indicators obtained from Eurostat and European Commission. Secondly, we elaborated different regional models of economic and social homogenous characteristics that could be found among EU Member States based on a hierarchical cluster analysis model applied to several structural socio-economic and digitalization indicators. The main conclusion was that there is a strong positive correlation between the share of ITC employment and the share of ITC in GDP, and the level of digital skills for individuals and the share of companies with high intensity of digitalization. © 2023 by the authors.
ABSTRACT
Based on panel data of 282 cities in China from 2005-2019, this paper constructs an economic resilience evaluation index system in three dimensions and applies the entropy value method to measure it. The two-stage nested Thiel index, kernel density estimation and geographic detector methods are also used to explore the characteristics of their spatial and temporal divergence and their driving factors. We find that the economic resilience of Chinese cities has increased rapidly over the sample period, but with significant spatial variation, with the intra-provincial variation being the main source of the overall variation. Without considering the spatial conditions, the economic resilience of cities has a strong stability. In the case of spatial conditions, spatial factors have a significant impact on cities with low economic resilience, but not on cities with high economic resilience. Differences in technological innovation capabilities are a key driver of spatial divergence in the economic resilience of Chinese cities. The interaction of any two factors enhances their respective effects on the spatial differentiation of economic resilience in Chinese cities. Based on the above findings, cities should actively explore targeted and differentiated ways to improve economic resilience based on their comparative advantages, accelerate the construction of a collaborative improvement mechanism for urban economic resilience, and support the collaborative improvement of urban economic resilience in China. Our findings provide a useful reference for promoting the concerted improvement of economic resilience in Chinese cities.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on the global economy and trade, and border regions have been hit severely because of their high dependency on foreign trade. To understand better the economic impact of COVID-19 on border regions, we developed a COVID-19 economic resilience analytical framework and empirically examined 10 Chinese-Russian border cities in Northeast China. We quantitatively analyzed five dimensions of economic resilience, distinguished four types of shock, and examined the determinants of economic resilience. The results show that: (1) the COVID-19 pandemic has wide-ranging impacts in the border areas, with import-export trade and retail sales of consumer goods being the most vulnerable and sensitive to the shock. The whole economy of the border areas is in the downward stage of the resistance period; (2) from a multi-dimensional perspective, foreign trade and consumption are the most vulnerable components of the borderland economic system, while industrial resilience and income resilience have improved against the trend, showing that they have good crisis resistance; (3) borderland economic resilience is a spatially heterogeneous phenomenon, with each border city showing different characteristics; (4) economic openness, fiscal expenditure, and asset investment are the key drivers of economic resilience, and the interaction between the influencing factors presents a nonlinear and bi-factor enhancement of them. The findings shed light on how border economies can respond to COVID-19, and how they are useful in formulating policies to respond to the crisis.